法甲情报 梅斯保级形势大好 战巴黎未必力拼
百度 2017年10月以来，济南平均浓度为70ug/m3，在京津冀大气污染传输通道城市2+26城市中排正数第6名，同比改善%，改善幅度超过改善目标进度要求个百分点。
The study of the immune system in organisms, primarily responsible for fighting infection.
715 questions
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To what extent will a universal flu vaccine protect us?
Flu is known to infect us repeatedly because the virus mutates extremely fast, and as few as a single amino acid change enables the virus to escape our antibodies. One promising direction is ...
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Can the immune system be boosted at every exposure or re-exposure?
I am a student working in the field of mathematical modeling, particularly interested in immunology.
I was wondering whether the immune system is boosted at every exposure to pathogens. Specifically, ...
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How to explain this difference in the type of cytokine produced by helper T cells due to the way of infection?
Several rats were divided into two groups $A$ and $B$. The rats in group $A$ had staphylococcus aureus daubed on their ears, while the rats in group $B$ had staphylococcus aureus injected into their ...
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What is the Effect of the Poliovirus Vaccine on CD155 Receptors in the Small Intestine
What is the effect of the poliovirus vaccine on the CD155 receptor? In particular, is there any observable difference in either the type or more especially the extent of conformational changes in ...
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What affinity does an antibody need to show up on a western blot?
I am trying to find some reference for what affinity (however defined, but ideally $K_D$) an antibody needs to be useful as a primary antibody on a western blot.
Even better would be any sort of guide ...
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When is it useful to give a vaccine post-infection?
I was reading this answer about the rabies vaccine, which explains that giving the vaccine post-exposure is effective because the vaccine stimulates a more rapid immune response than the infection ...
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PFU/mL count formula in the virus plaque assay
I do virus plaque assay on the cell culture layer. The source of the virus is an animal tissue homogenized in a culture medium (stock). Sometimes I should make series of x10 dilutions, 10ul from stock+...
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Molecular Docking - a guide
I have a question regarding molecular docking, as I am far for familiar with it.
I started with generating the models of a ligand (which is a F(ab) part of an antibody).
I obtained the structure of a ...
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Do antibodies binding to the same epitope have similar electrophoretic mobility?
Serum protein electrophoresis is a commonly used blood test in medicine. It is often used for detection of paraproteins in the gamma-globulin region. If there is a narrow band with sharp borders ...
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Why are camelid-derived nanobodies called VHH (variable heavy domain of heavy chain)?
Single-domain antibodies (or nanobodies) derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies are called VHH antibodies, where VHH stands for "variable heavy domain of heavy chain". I assume the ...
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Monoclonal Antibodies
In this paper, the authors say:
We demonstrate that for a considerable number of eplets, the
antibody-verified status is solely based on polyclonal serum
reactivity of multiparous women or on ...
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Do Tardigrades have an innate immune system, or any type of immune protection? [closed]
Do Tardigrades have any immune protection against bacteria and viruses?
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Do humans produce an immune response to their own antibodies?
As far as I know, T and B cells form a part of the adaptive immune response in humans. In their early stages, these cells undergo genetic recombination to produce a diversity of antigen receptors/...
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Induction of IFN-beta in HEK293T
I'm trying to increase expression of a protein we're attempting to study, UBL7, supposedly unregulated by Type I Interferon and particularly IFN-beta.
I've tried treating HEK293T cells (~60% ...
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When the CD4+ gets activated and help B cells, does it have to be the same pathogen?
Does the peptide (presented by the class II HLA molecule) that activates a CD4+ T cell need to be from the same pathogen as the antigen recognized by a B cell when the CD4+ T cell promotes the ...
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